Lub qhov dej phwj yog lub siab ntawm lub nroog
- Cov Neeg Phem, Cov Neeg Txom Nyem Los ntawm Victor Hugo
Kev pov hlau yog ib txoj kev tsim khoom uas feem ntau cov khoom siv kua raug nchuav rau hauv pwm, uas muaj lub qhov khoob ntawm cov duab xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd cia kom khov. Qhov khov kho kuj tseem hu ua kev pov hlau, uas raug ntiab tawm lossis tawg tawm ntawm pwm kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem. Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm, kev pov hlau tau siv los ua cov cuab yeej, riam phom, thiab cov khoom siv kev ntseeg. Keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev pov hlau tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau Sab Qab Teb Asia (Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, thiab lwm yam) nrog rau cov txheej txheem 7,000 xyoo. Kev pov hlau qub tshaj plaws uas tseem muaj sia nyob yog tus qav tooj liab los ntawm 3200 BC.
Xyoo 1300BC, Lub lauj kaub Simuwu Rectangle hauv Suav teb uas hnyav 875kgs qhia txog qib siab ntawm kev siv tshuab casting thiab kev kos duab. Nws sawv cev rau qhov ua tiav siab tshaj plaws ntawm Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC).
Xyoo 800BC, rab ntaj hlau kov Jade yog qhov paub thawj zaug ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia hauv Suav teb, uas yog ib qho cim qhia tias Tuam Tshoj nkag mus rau hauv Lub Caij Hlau.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm xyoo 1400, cov thoob phom thiab cov mos txwv yog thawj cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov txheej txheem tsim cov thoob phom sib xws nrog cov av nplaum los ntawm cov qauv, uas twb tau tsim los rau kev cam khwb tooj liab hauv Middle Ages. Tom qab cov txheej txheem tsim cov av nplaum siv thaum pib rau kev tsim cov mos txwv ntau zaus, kev siv pwm ruaj khov ua los ntawm hlau cam khwb cia tau tshwm sim.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, cov khoom xws li cov kav dej thiab cov tswb tau tsim los ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia. Cov kav dej hlau cam khwb cia qub tshaj plaws hnub tim los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab tau teeb tsa los faib dej thoob plaws lub vaj ntawm Chateau de Versailles 1664. Cov no yog li ntawm 35 km ntawm cov kav dej, feem ntau yog 1 m ntev nrog cov pob qij txha flanged. Lub hnub nyoog ntev ntawm cov kav dej no ua rau lawv muaj nqis keeb kwm tseem ceeb.
Kev lag luam yeeb nkab hlau cam khwb cia hauv Suav teb tau pib thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, nrog kev txhawb nqa zoo ntawm Tuam Tshoj Urban Water Supply Association tau tsim kho sai.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub zej zog thiab kev lag luam, Tuam Tshoj nto moo ua lub Hoobkas thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj tau raug txhim kho ntau heev.
Niaj hnub no, Tuam Tshoj yog lub teb chaws tsim cov khoom siv casting loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Xyoo 2019, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv casting tau nce mus txog ntau dua 35.3 lab tons, uas dhau Tebchaws Meskas tau ntau xyoo thiab yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb. Tuam Tshoj xa tawm cov khoom siv casting txhua xyoo tau txog li 2.233 lab tons, thiab cov khw muag khoom xa tawm tseem ceeb yog Tebchaws Europe, Asmeskas, Nyiv Pooj thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Nrog rau kev koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb uas nce ntxiv, txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li qhov sib txawv tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb chaw tsim khoom hloov mus rau Tuam Tshoj, peb muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua rau qhov zoo thiab qib ntawm cov khoom siv casting, txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv casting, nce qib ntau lawm, txo kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab txuas ntxiv siv zog rau kev txhim kho lub neej tib neeg zoo.
